Variable-speed gearing.



s. E; CASSEL/ VARIABLE SPEED GEARING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 25. 1916.

a Patented. Mar. 4,1919. 5 q 2 SHEETS-SHEET! 1 E "m1; mm m. msmmnn. a. c.

Ce. 5. CA'SSEL;

VARIABLE SPEED GEAR ING. APPLICATION FILED SEPI. 25. 1916."

PtentedMar; 1919.

' 2 SHEETS SHEE T 2- is especially applicable as-a power trans- U ITE S E F C GUNNAR'ELIAS cAssEI 0F. STOGKHOLM, SWEDEN, IASSIGNOR T0 ARTUR, LEFFLER, or

-IDJ'URSHOLM, SWEDEN. v V

VARIABLE-SPEEDJGEAIHNGL' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GU'NNAR ELIAS CAS- SEL, aciti zen of the Kingdom of Sweden,

residing at Stockholm Sweden, have in: vented new and useful Improvements in Variable-Speed Gearings, of which the following is a specification.

. This invention'relates to a variable speed gearing by means of which a great rat o of gearing changeable within wide limitsnmay be obtained with a small loss of pow er.v

The object of the invention is the provision of a variablespeed gearing of the saidkind which, when running, may be easily adjusted for difi'erentspeed and by means whereof large amounts of power may be transmitted. Owing thereto, the gearing mitting device between the engine and the driving wheels "of vehicles, as for instance traction engines for agricultural purposes, artillery cars,- automobiles motor cycles and the like, as well as for working machines, in which the source of power consists of high speed motors, as electricinotors or internal combustion engines, and in which an easy adjustment of the speed is desirable 7 An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a variable speed gearing constructed 'ELCCOI'd'.

ing tothehinvention. Figs. 2,:'3 and;4"are cross-sections on the 1inesA A, and

0-0 respectively in Fig. ,1;

, Like numbers of reference I or corresponding parts throughout all figures.

shaft, as for instance an engine shaft, from Sp-lined' to the shaft 2, which. is 'journaled in suitable frames 200, is a plurality of; wheels 3 having cylindrical periphery 4. I In 7 the embodiment shown four wheels of that kind are supposed to bedevised, 'one off 59 which-only iS'Sl10W11 -in1Fig'. 1. "In Fig. '3

also'a second similar wheel is indicated dottedlines. Placed close togthe rim of each wheelie, and concentric therewith anfl, nular segmentfi adagpted to, 's w li ng to an d fro "along'the'rim of the. wheel, Fig. 3, said andenote. similar Referring to Fig. 1, 1 .de signates a Specification bf Letters 'latent. 1 at t d Ma 4, 19 19 AppiicationfiledSeptember 25,1916. Seria11\T o.1 21,984. I 7

nular-segment beingfprovided with an inner surface 6 concentric to the periphery ofthe wheel 3cand. disposed at a certain distance from the surface 4h Situated in the space between the surfaces 4; and 6 are two friction paw ls 7 and 8 journaledby means of pins 9 and 10 in the side walls of the annular segl ment 5, each of which pawls' is adaptedto .moved in one direction, while, duringrthe movement of the segment in the opposite d1'rection, the pawl slides along the surface turn the wheel? by; being clamped between the surfaces 4 and 6 when the segment is 4. The construction of the members 7 and-8 may be chosen at will. In the embodiment shown they are formed with curved frictional surfaces, whose radius of curvature is greater tha n half the distance between: the

surfaces and 6, and on account thereof the members 7' and 8 may perform a partial rolling moy ementon the surfaces 4 and 6, and at the same time relatively large contact surfaces between the members 7 and 8 and thesurfaces 4 and 6 are obtained. Owing thereto,aspeedy andreliaible engagement of the said members with the said surfaces is, on the one hand, insured, and, on the other hand, large amounts of power may be transmitted through. the said frictional fmembers without causing permanent deformations of the members orthe surfaces and 6or .fracture;of,themembers.- a r V I The friction pawls =7 and8 of each an nular {segment 5- arevdispos'ed differently, each of thembeing operative for one direcdevised, thati one ,off them is inoperative, whilertheiother member isoperative, and to 7 that purpose the members, by being, turned 6, as forinstance the surface't, while they '90 "tion of-movement Therefore, theyare so.

are: in continuous contact with the other sur I face 6. To ;bring the members into or out of operative position thefollowing device is, disposed. At each; sideof. the pini9 or 10 each: .member j and 8 is: provided with a recess forming the seat ofa springf15, 16, V

1:7 and 18 'Irespectivel y. The two outer springs la and 18- engage corresponding re OeSSBS lQ, 22 respectively; formed in membelfsfig which are securedT 'at theends of f 7 the annular segment, whiletheinner springs l6 and'"217" engage corresponding recesses: V

formed in frame. 2t 'pla cedibetween the f members 7 and 8 and guided in the annular segment, sald frame being adapted to move a certain distance in peripheral direction with a certain play in a recess 26 in the frame and journaled in the annularsegment, said cam disk being provided with two cams 28, 29, which are set'a't an angle of 90 in relation to each other and each of which is adapted to cooperate with one sideof the recess 26. 'Outside the annular segment the shaft of the cam disk 27 is provided with two arms 30 and 31 set at'an angle of about 90 in relation to, each other. A sliding rod 34 journaled in bearings 32, 38 and having a laterally extending arm 35, for each cam disk, may engage the arms 30, 31 for the reversal of the cam disks 27 (cfr. Fig; 3).

The device imparting the oscillating movement to the annular segments 5 supporting the friction pawls is constructed as followsz'Splined to the driving shaft 1 journaled in bearings 38, 39, which are supported by frames 36, 37, is a member 40 having cylindrical form in the longitudinal section shown in Fig.1, the axis of the cylinder forming right angles with said center-line, as will appear from Fig. 1. The member 40 is provided with two flanges 41 extending in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 1 and engaging corresponding grooves formed in a driving member 42 surrounding the member 40 and, preferably, consisting of several pieces, the member 42, consequently being caused to 'rotate together with the member 40 and the shaft 1 but at the same time being adjustable at different angles of inclination in relation to the shaft 1. Journaled ,on' the driving shaft by means of ball bearings 43', 44, 45 is a disk 46 also, "preferably, consisting of several pieces. Said disk is provided with four projections 47 extending radially in relation to the shaft 1 and distributed equally about the periphery of the disk 46, i, e} disposed with a; mutual "angular distance of 90. The projections 47 support journal members 48 having a cylindrical or spherical outer surface, inclosed by cups or sockets 49. Said cups o-r sockets are by means of rods 50 rigidly connected with similar cups or sockets '51 disposed at each of the four annular segments 50f the wheels.

3.; Said latter cups'51- inclos e in the same manner as the cups 49 journal members 52 secured to projections 53 extending from' the annular segments 5. Ifthe driving member 42'rotating withthe shaft 1 be adjusted in an oblique position relativelyto the shaft 1, said driving member will,-dur-J ing the rotationof the shaft 1, impart, to

the driving disk '46 not partaking. in the said rotation an oscillating movement, which by the aid of the rods 50 is changed into a reciprocating movement of the angular segments 5.

The adjustment and the retention of the driving member 42 in oblique position in relation to the shaft 1 are effected by a thrust bearing 54 movable axially on the shaft 1. The inner portion 55 of said bearing rotating with the shaft is by a link 56 connected with the driving member 42 and consequently said member 42 will, on the axial movement of the bearing 54', be'turned about the member 40 to a position more or less inclined in relation to the center line of the shaft 1. Placed between the said inner portion 55 of the bearing 54and its outer supporting portion '57 are two rows ofballs 58, 59, and on account thereof the bearing 54 may rotate, with small friction relatively to the portion 57. r j c a To 'eifect'the axialmovement of thebearing 54in asimple and power saving manner and to adjust at the same time this movement-accurately'at will, the outer portion corresponding threads formed in' the stationary" frame 36, said outer portion 57 being at the outer periphery provided with teeth 61 gearing with a pinioni63, which is secured to an adjusting shaft 62.- The said adjustingshaft is journaled in the frame V 36 and may be turned by hand by means of a hand Wheel or the like (not shown), so that the bearing, when the said shaft is turned, is screwed out of or into the threaded portion of the frame 36. j

The device described above operates as follows:

In the positions of the different members shown in Fig. 1 'nomovement can be trans mitted from the shaft 1 to the shaft2, since the driving member 42 and the driving disk 46 occupy positions at right angles to the shaft 1 and, on account thereof, donot perform any oscillating. movement on the rotation of theshaft. V r 7 If by turning the adjusting shaft6'2, the portion 57 of the bearing be turned infsuch a manner, that said portion 57 is to acertain extent screwed'outof the threaded part 0f the frame 36, the driving member 42' will, owing to the link connection with'th'e bearing portion 57, be turned' about the member 40 and, consequently; be adjusted to a certainoblique positionrelatively to the shaftl/ When then the, driving member 42 is rotated .with'the shaft 1, said idriving; 'member will cause the non-rotating disk 46 to perform an oscillating movement in re lation to'the member 40 in such manner that a one oscillation is efiected for each revolution of the shaft 1; Owingthereto,' the rods 50 are so reciprocated, thateach 'rod comj mences "its movement a quarter of periodof movement later or earlierthan thetwo adjacent rods. By'means of the said rods the four annular segments 5 are caused-tog oscillate 'about the' correspondingwhe'elsf3, the movement of each separate annular'seg ment likewise being preceding or; succeeding-a quarter ofa period of movement in relation .t'o-the move entofv the adjacent I 2: 5=are moved inthe'fjdirectionofarrow'f201, the cam disks=27 to" assume the segments.-

Supposing position shown in .Fig.= 1-, in which: the cams 28- tengageixthe leftsiside; -of the recesses '26, the: frames '24 are 1 moved to: the left =su'chea -j distance,: that i the springs'- .16 having wnormally-notension are capable-,iagainst theLaction of the springs I5whichf are'continu- 'ously under; tension, so to :turn the-members 7 that-they are brought .outof contact with the working surface 4 of the corresponding 1- wheel' 3. .--O.wing'gto1 the fac aithatmn the movement of the frames 24 to the l fl'fpthe springs 1:7L-have v-notgbeen. actuated, the springs 18. will keep :the members 8 in contact with the workingsurface 4zofithezwheel V 8.- Consequent-ly, :when the annular segments 5are moved in-the 'dire'ction'of the arrow 201- in- Fig: 1, the whe'els'r3' willzabe moved instantly,@because the l members. 18 clampedbetween theiworlring surfaces '4and' -1 6 on account-ofthe'fpressure ofthe-springs 18, are more strong-lyjammed becausetof the irolling. 1novement.'=- When the annular 7 segments 5 are moved in the direction-opposite to the arrow 201,- the inembers 8 slide on the wheels 3 without moving them. Thus the wheels 3 and the shaft 2 =arerotatedin"- the direction of the arrow 201. By dispos 111g in the manner described a plurality of successively operating friction ratchet gears, the use of each rod 50 may be limited to that part of the stroke of the rod, during which the speed of the rod is substantially.

constant, thus effecting a practically uniform rotation of the shaft 2. V The speed of rotation of the shaft 2 in relation to that of the shaft l may be varied, by changes of the inclination of the driving member 42 relatively to the shaft,

from a very small value to a maximum value corresponding tothe limit value of the inclination of the driving member 42 toward the shaft 1. 7 If the shaft 2 is to be rotated in the oppositedirection, the rod 34 is so adjusted, that its arms 35 reverse the projections 31' V to the right, Fig. 1, thus causing the cams.

29'to engage the right side of the recesses 26 and moving the frames 24 a distance in the same direction corresponding to the th'espri-nglfg is now capable of turning the;

vcount thereof the wheels 3 are moved in the said direction. When "the annular segments the members-'7 slide on the wheels '3 without rotated inthe direction of. arrow 202, and

the speedsofrotation in relation to the speed of the shaft l-imay be varied-by adjusting thev driving member 42 to more orless in 'clinedp'ositionrelatively-to the-"shaft l. 51

'moving them. In this case the shaft 2 is.

. *Having now described my invention, what I-clai1n as new= and' -desire to secure by Let ters Patent is z A variable speed gearing, comprising" a;v-ratchet-gear', an oscillating driving. disk actuating said ratchet gear, a rotatingdriw ing shaft,a driving member actuating said driving diskand adapted to be a djuste'd in difierent'inclination to said dri-ving shaft,-=a' thrustbearing movable axially on-said-drii ing shaft,-a portion, of said thrust bearing rotating with said driving shaft,;'ai.connec tion between said rotating portion and said" drivingl member; a portion -of"said thrust i bearing being adjustable in' 'relatibnfto the shaft,a threaded, member integral with said adjustable portion, 1 -a stationary threaded frame engaging said threaded member, and" means for turning said threaded member 2v Avariable speed gearing, comprising a ratchet gear, a driving shaft, driving means mounted on said driving shaft and actuating said ratchet gear, a thrust ball bearing movable axially on said drivin shaft, a threaded portion of said thrust earing, a stationary nut engaging said threaded portion, a portion of said thrust bearing adjustable in relation'to the shaft,-a toothed wheel integral with said adjustable portion, a pinion gearing with said-toothed wheel, and a shaft adapted to turn said pinion.

3. A variable speed gearing, comprising a driven shaft, a plurality of ratchet gears, mounted on-said shaft and having friction members operating in opposite directions in 7 said ratchet gears, means for bringing said friction members into and out of operation, an oscillating driving disk, connections be-- tween symmetric points of said driving disk and each of the ratchet gears, a driving shaft, a driving member mounted on said' driving shaft and adapted to assume differ ent inclined positions in :relation to the driving shaft} said :driving member. actuating said drivingwdisk, a thrust bearing,

movable axially on said driving shaft, a cone nection between symmetric points, of said -portion, a nut engaging said threads, a

driving disk and each of the ratchet gears,

a portion of said thrust bearing rotating with said driving shaft, a connection be-' tween said stationary portion and said driving'member, another portion of said thrust bearing being, adjustable in relation to said driving shaft, threads on said stationary portion, a nut engaging said threads, a toothed Wheel integralwith said adjustable portion,,a. pinion gearing with said toothed wheel and a shaft. adapted to turn said pinion. w

4. A variablesp'eed gearing, comprisinga driven shaft, a plurality of rachet, gears mounted on said shaft and provided "with friction members operating in opposite directions, means for bringing said friction] members into and out of operation, a driving shaft, a driving dlsk mounted on Said driving shaft, a driving memberrotating with said driving shaft and supporting the driving disk said driving member being adapted to assume different inclined positions in relation to the drivin nections between said driving disk and driving member causing the disk to assume correspondingly inclined positions, a thrust bearing movable axially on said driving ing with said driving shaft, a connection be-. tween said rotating portion and said driving member, another portion of the thrust bearing being adjustable axially in relation to the driving shaft, threads on said adjustable I Copies of this patent may be obtained for shaft, contoothed wheelintegral with said adjustable portion, a pinion engaging said toothed wheel, and a shaft adapted to turn said a pinion. v r v- 5. ,A variable speed gearing,'compr1s1ng a driven shaft, a plurality of ratchet gears oscillating on said shaft and each carrying a number of spring-actuated frictionclutch members operative in either direction of movement of said ratchet gears,vmeans for reversing the' operative direction of said clutch members, a driving shaft, a. driving disk mounted on said dri-ving shaft, a driving member rotating with said drivingshaft and supporting the driving disk, said driving member being adapted'to assume-different inclined positions in relation, to the driving shaft, connections between, saiddriving disk and driving member causing the disk to assume correspondingly inclinedportion and said driving member, anotherportion of the thrust bearing beingeadjustable axially invrelationto the driving shaft, threads on said adjustable portion, a nut engaging said threads, a toothed wheel integral with said adjustable portion, a pinion engaging said toothed wheel, and a shaft adapted to turn said pinion. 1

In testimony whereof I have signed my name. 7

. GUNNAR ELIAS CASSEL'.

five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. V 

